Introduction to Public Administration (Part – 3)
41. In which phase of the development order of public administration, the principles of organization were challenged by calling them ‘people’ – third phase.
- Third phase of emergence of public administration: era of challenge (1938-47)
- The main theme of this phase is advocacy of human relations behavior by studying public administration.
- It has been argued that due to political nature it cannot be separated from political, as it has an important role in policy making.
- The political administration rejected the split.
- The classical ideology has been challenged in this era.
- Herbert Simon is a strong critic of the principle of governance.
- Herbert Simon has called the principle of administration as proverbial idiom and advocated behavior approach.
- Important books of this period are-
- CL Bernard – the function of Executive (1938)
- Mercantine Marks – Element of Public Administration (1996)
- Herbert A. Simon – AadministrativeBehaviour (1947)
- Robert Dahl – The Science of Public Administration Three Problems (1947)
- Dwight Waldo – The Administrative State (1948)
42. The ‘Public Choice School’ sets the concept – rural and local administration
43. There is a similarity between public administration and private administration – in the techniques
- Public administration is different from privateadministration
- in equality of behavior
- in legal power
- Public welfare
44. Public administration is not different from private administration – in managerial techniques
45. Who said that the distinction between administration and management is misleading and false – Fayol
- Fayol has included elements of technical, financial, professional, security, administrative and passages in the field of public administration.
- “It is very radical to recognize public administration as the fourth branch of government, but it is probably the most rational dimension of the distinction between political and administration that Wilson started. Whose statement is this – Willoughby
- According to Willoughby, “Administration in political science is used in two ways. In its first broad sense, it deals with the actual editing of all government functions, regardless of branch.”
- According to Willoughby, “Administration is the fourth pillar of government. This pillar performs the functions of the remaining three organs.”
46.Geopolitics means open economy.
- Globalization means that the concept of considering the whole world as a global village is globalization and globalization.
- Globalization refers to making all the developed economies integrated and self-sufficient to bring all the resources, knowledge, information, manpower and markets of the world at one level and make them freely available to the people.
47. Economic liberalization adopted in India – year 1991
48. Which sector is not given priority in globalization – in private sector
- Priority is given
- in the public sector
- In the private-public sector
49. Public administration is similar to private administration – due to its austerity and efficiency criteria.
50. Today there is a need to understand the difference between public and private – in terms of complementarity between the two sectors in relation to social management.
51.General statement related to public administration
- It was and still is a very widespread element of publicaccountability.
- Economic drivers are less effective in government.
- There is more emphasis on discipline.
- Nicholas Henrine used suffixes of point and focal pointsto review the intellectual development of the subject of public administration.
52. Public administration was established as an important subject because – public problems increased.
53. “Administration will vary from region to region according to content.” What does this statement explain – the integrated approach to administration
54.Josiah Stamp opines that, “There are four principles that distinguishpublic administration and private administration.”
- Principle of Uniformity
- Principle of External Financial Control
- Principle of Public Responsibility
- Purpose and marginal benefits of service
55. “Administration will vary from one area to another according to content.” What does this statement explain – the integrated approach to administration
56.Josia stamp holds that, “There are four principles that differentiatepublic administration and private administration.”
- Principle of Uniformity
- Principle of External Financial Control
- Principle of Public Responsibility
- Purpose and marginal benefits of service
57. Public administration as a subject – is a multidisciplinary study of public policies and administration for public services and welfare.
- Collapse approach
- Comprehensive Approach
- POSDCORB approach
- POCOC approach
- Public welfare approach
58. During the first phase of the development of public administration (1887–1926) the major force was – administration political duality
- First Phase of Public Administration PoliticalAdministration Dividing (1887–1926)
- Its beginning in 1887 AD. In Political Science, withWoodrow Wilson’s essay ‘The Study of Administration’ in Metaphysics, which laidthe foundation for an independent secular study of public administration. HenceWilson is called the father of public administration. Woodrow Wilson’s essaywas published in Political Science Quarterly.
- This was confirmed by Frank J. Gudnau in his book Polyand Administration published in 1900.
- LD White’s book ‘Introduction to the Study of PublicAdministration’, published in 1926, is the first textbook of publicadministration with the addition of public administration to Academy winners.
- This phase has two characteristics – separation ofpolitical and administration and birth of public administration.
59. In the concept of administrative purpose ‘Lok’, ‘Lokpan’ was influenced by the Second Minnobrook Conference (1988) – as an effect on society.
- Second Minnobrook Conference (1988)
- The academy scope of this conference was wide, includinglegal scientists, economists, policy and planning analysts and urban studiesetc.
- This conference was held during the worldwide economicreforms.
- The ideological background of this conference was thoughtful,patient, mature, practical and broad-minded.
- Emphasis was laid on leadership, technological policyand economic environment in constitutional and legal perspective.
- This conference encourages the contribution of socialand behavioral sciences in public administration.
- During this conference, the declining role of governmentand state and ideas of privatization, liberalization, globalization wererevealed. Those who wanted a limited but effective role from the government.
60.Role of Public Administration
- Gerald caiden has described the roles of publicadministration in modern society in the ‘Dynamic of Public Administration’(1971).
- Implementation of policies
- Maintaining stability and order.
- Institutionalizing socio-economic changes. (Eg – Saticustom child marriage)
- Management of commercial services on a broad scale.
- Ensuring growth and economic growth.
- Protection of lower classes of society.
- Creation of public opinion
- Implementing public policy effects of political trends.
